What term describes a condition where an individual's weight is significantly above a healthy range, often defined as 20% over?

The term that describes a condition where an individual's weight is significantly above a healthy range, specifically defined as 20% over, is "obese." Obesity is classified based on Body Mass Index (BMI) and is a critical public health concern due to its association with various health issues, including heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. This definition aligns with established medical standards that categorize individuals with a BMI of 30 or higher as obese.

Other terms mentioned, such as "underweight," refer to individuals whose weight is below the healthy range and does not pertain to excess weight. "Excessive weight" is a less precise term and lacks the clinical definition that obesity has. Similarly, "athletically heavy" could refer to individuals with a higher muscle mass, but it does not denote a condition of being overweight in relation to health standards, nor does it imply the same health risks as obesity. Hence, "obese" is the most accurate term to describe this condition.