What does the term "bioactive compounds" refer to?

The term "bioactive compounds" refers to naturally occurring compounds in foods that have an effect on living organisms. These compounds can influence biological processes and may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. They can exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or antimicrobial properties, and they play a role in various health outcomes such as reducing the risk of chronic diseases.

In contrast, food coloring compounds are primarily used to enhance the visual appeal of food and do not have a significant biological effect on living organisms. Fats in processed foods are essential nutrients but do not specifically categorize as bioactive compounds, as they primarily provide energy and structure rather than influencing biological activity on their own. Lastly, carbohydrates that provide instant energy also do not fit the definition of bioactive compounds since their primary function is energy provision rather than affecting biological systems in the diverse way that bioactive compounds do. Thus, the correct answer defines the broader implications of bioactive compounds in nutrition and health.