What are the chemicals called that contribute to the yellow, orange, and some red colors of fruits and vegetables?

The chemicals that contribute to the yellow, orange, and some red colors of fruits and vegetables are known as carotenoids. These pigments are a class of organic pigments found in plants, which not only impart color but also play a crucial role in photosynthesis by protecting plant cells from damage. Carotenoids are responsible for the vibrant colors seen in many fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and peppers. Beyond their aesthetic value, carotenoids also have significant health benefits, including antioxidant properties and contributions to vitamin A synthesis in the body, which is essential for vision and immune function.